The slaving raids undertaken by the Manao from the middle Rio Negro valley who were Groups already in contact with the Portuguese and other European peoples, or through It is nevertheless possible that upper Rio Negro Indians had been influencedīefore by Western goods and diseases either through trade exchanges with other indigenous Operated somewhat concurrently for the control of the Indian labour force ( Sweet, 1974: 689). 7 Besides these expeditions, private raids in search for slaves for the gathering ofįorest products and the attempts of missionaries to relocate Indians in mission settlements Vital for the economic survival of the colony. Slaves decimated by recurring epidemics of smallpox and measles, and whose work was The first intermittent contacts of upper Rio Negro Indians with the Portuguese probablyĭate back from the 1730s onwards, when the governor of the former State of MaranhãoĮ Grão Pará 5 sent slaving expeditions 6 into the region in order to replenish the population of Indian free labourers and These affections are replaced in the context of the medical views of that time.įirst contacts with Europeans and their diseases 4 To smallpox and measles, their major killers during this period. Portuguese and foreign scientists explained the biological vulnerability of Indians Health impacts of the colonization of the upper Rio Negro region by Portuguese andīrazilian peoples during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. By drawing data from historical sources, this paper examines the demographic and Vulnerability of native peoples to smallpox and measles was soon noted by PortugueseĬolonists, settlers, travellers, scientists, and physicians who managed to explain Of their environment fuelled the onset of more or less malign fevers. Indians were confronted to new diseases such as smallpox and measles while the deterioration Societies and their environment, besides demographic and health impacts of contact. 3 Portuguese endeavours strongly deteriorated native way of life, disorganizing Indian Were the main axes of Portuguese and Brazilian policies towards upper Rio Negro Indiansĭuring the colony and the empire. For two centuries, forced migration and resettlement, enslavement or coerced work
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